Kev ua haujlwm LCD
Txhua lub pixel ntawm LCD muaj cov ntu hauv qab no: ib txheej ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob ua kua (indium tin oxide), thiab ob lub cev lim dej uas muaj cov lus qhia polarization sib txuas rau sab nraud. Yog tias tsis muaj cov kua siv lead ua kua, cov kev taw qhia polarization uas hla dhau ntawm ib ntawm cov lim polarizing tag nrho rau cov lim thib ob, yog li nws tau thaiv tag. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov kev taw qhia polarization dhau ntawm ib lub cev polarizing yog tig los ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua, nws tuaj yeem hla dhau lwm cov lim polarizing. Kev sib hloov ntawm polarization kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb los ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm cov chaw hluav taws xob, yog li ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm lub teeb.
Ua kua Crystal molecules yog qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov hluav taws xob sab nraud thiab tsim cov nqi tsim txom. Thaum twg tus nqi me me ntxiv rau cov pob tshab hluav taws xob ntawm txhua lub pixel lossis cov lwg me me los ua kom muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua kua rau cov nqi thiab tsim cov electrostatic torque, uas hloov cov Kev sib hloov ua ke ntawm cov kua lead ua kua crystal molecules, yog li hloov pauv hloov amplitude ntawm lub teeb hla dhau. Hloov qee lub kaum sab xis kom nws tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm kev lim polarization.
Ua ntej them nyiaj ntxiv rau cov pob tshab electrode, kev npaj cov ua kua crystal molecules yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov chaw nyob ntawm electrode, thiab cov tshuaj nyob hauv electrode tuaj yeem siv los ua cov noob crystal. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tn ua kua siv lead ua kua, sab saud thiab qis dua hluav taws xob ntawm cov kua siv lead ua yog teem kab. Cov kua ua kua crystal molecules tau teem rau hauv ib tug kauv, thiab cov kev coj ua kom dhau los ntawm kev ua kua huv si, kom nws tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lwm tus polarizer. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, ib feem me me ntawm lub teeb yog thaiv los ntawm polarizer thiab zoo li grey los ntawm sab nraud. Tom qab them nyiaj ntxiv rau cov pob tshab electrode, cov kua Crystal Molecules yuav tau kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb ci hauv kev sib tw ntawm lub cev polarization, yog li lub teeb ci ntsa iab thaiv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub pixel zoo li dub. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob, cov qib ntawm distortion ntawm kev npaj ua kua crystal molecules tuaj yeem tswj tau kom ua tiav cov kev sib tw sib txawv.
Ib co LCDs tig dub thaum lawv nthuav tawm rau lwm txoj kev tam sim no, uas rhuav tshem cov kauv cov nyhuv ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua. Thaum lub sijhawm tam sim no tau muab tua, LCD ua ci dua lossis pob tshab. Hom LCD no yog feem ntau pom ntawm laptop thiab pheej yig LCDs. Lwm hom lcd feem ntau siv rau cov nyiaj hauv siab los yog LCD TVs loj yog thaum lub zog muab tua, LCD yog opaque.
Txhawm rau txuag lub zog, LCDs siv cov qauv ntau. Nyob rau hauv cov hom electerves, cov electrodes ntawm ib kawg yog txuas nrog rau cov pab pawg hluav taws xob, thiab cov pab pawg txuas nrog rau lwm pawg kawg ntawm lub zog mov. Cov pab pawg tsim kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus pixel raug tswj los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ywj pheej. Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob lossis cov software tsav lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj cov zaub ntawm lub pixel los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm / tawm ua ntu zus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
Qhov ntsuas tau rau kev sim LCDs muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qab no: Cov xim muaj zog (kev saib xyuas, daws teeb meem, kev daws teeb meem, thiab cov lus qhia sib piv (xws li Raws li Visual interface thiab video zaub array).
Luv luv keeb kwm
Xyoo 1888, Austrian Chefrist Friedrich Requinizer tau pom cov muaju ua kua muaju thiab lawv lub cev tshwj xeeb.
Thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm LCD tau ua raws cov hom tshiab tawg (DSM), tsim los ntawm ib pab neeg coj los ntawm George Hellmann ntawm RCA. Hellmann nrhiav pom tias yuav muaj tus lej ntawm LCDs raws li cov thev naus laus zis.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1970, lub taub hau zoo nkauj ntawm cov kua muaj kua muaj nyob hauv Switzerland los ntawm Felfrich ntawm Central Networkatories Hoffmann-Le Roque. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xyoo ua ntej, xyoo 1969, James Ferguson tau tshawb pom cov muaj kua rau hauv Kentative ntawm Kential Lij Choj hauv Tebchaws Meskas 1971. Xyoo 1971, nws lub tuam txhab (Ilixco ) Ua tus thawj LCD raws li cov cuab yeej no, uas tau hloov pauv DSM hom LCD. Nws tsis tau mus txog xyoo 1985 tias qhov kev tshawb pom no tau dhau los ua lag luam. Xyoo 1973, Nyij Puam Lub Tuam Txhab ntse ua ntej siv nws los ua cov digital qhia rau hluav taws xob suav lub cav. Hauv xyoo 2010s, LCDs tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau txhua lub khoos phis tawm.
Qhia cov ntsiab cai
Tsis muaj voltage, lub teeb yuav txav mus raws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua nplaum molecules thiab tig 90 degrees, yog li lub teeb tuaj yeem hla dhau. Tab sis tom qab voltage yog ntxiv, lub teeb txav ncaj raws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua crystal molecules, yog li lub teeb yog thaiv los ntawm lub lim.
Ua kua Crystal yog cov khoom siv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntws, yog li tsuas yog siv lub zog me me xwb thiaj li yuav tsum tau ua kua Crystal Molecules txav. Kev noj cov khoom siv Nematic ua kua, ua kua crystal molecules tau yooj yim tig los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob teb. Txij li thaum kho qhov muag ua kua crystal yog ntau heev nrog nws cov molecular axis, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov teebmeem kev cuam tshuam kho qhov muag. Thaum hluav taws xob teb thov rau cov kua siv lead ua kom raug tshem tawm thiab ploj, cov kua siv ua kua yuav rov qab los rau lub xeev hluav taws xob ua ntej siv hluav taws xob.
Kev hloov pauv thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam cov lus qhia
LCDs tuaj yeem raug hloov lossis muaj kev cuam tshuam, nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb ci.
Kev hloov kho cov LCDs yog illuminated los ntawm lub teeb ci tom qab lub vijtsam, thiab saib los ntawm lwm sab (pem hauv ntej) ntawm lub vijtsam. Hom LCD no yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub teeb ci siab, xws li cov neeg saib xyuas lub computer, PDAs, thiab xov tooj ntawm tes. Lub teeb pom kev zoo siv los ua kom pom lub lcd feem ntau noj lub zog ntau dua li LCD nws tus kheej.
Reflective LCDs, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov moos hluav taws xob thiab lub laij lej, (qee zaum) ua kom pom lub teeb sab nraud los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm LCD. Hom LCD no muaj qhov sib piv siab dua vim tias lub teeb sib piv ntau dua vim tias lub teeb dhau los ntawm cov kua siv lestal ob zaug, yog li nws tau txiav ib zaug. Tsis txhob siv cov cuab yeej teeb pom kev zoo ua rau muaj kev noj fais fab txo qis, yog li cov roj teeb siv hluav taws xob ntev dua. Vim tias LCD me me muaj ntau LCDs muaj lub zog me me uas cov photocell yog txaus rau lub zog lawv, lawv feem ntau siv hauv Pocket lub laij lej.
Kev hloov kho LCDs tuaj yeem siv los ua kev hloov pauv lossis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Thaum muaj ntau lub teeb pom kev sab nraud, LCD ua haujlwm raws li cov hom uas cuam tshuam, thiab thaum muaj qhov pom kev zoo dua sab nraud, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li kev hloov chaw.
Zaub xim
LCD thev naus laus zis tseem hloov kev ci ntsa iab raws li qhov loj ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Cov xim tso tawm los ntawm txhua lub LCD sub-ente yog nyob ntawm cov xim ntsuas xim. Txij li thaum cov kua ua kua nws tus kheej tsis muaj xim, cov lim xim lim tau siv los tsim cov xim ntau yam tsis muaj sub-ntsiab. Sub-lub ntsiab lus tsuas yog hloov kho cov grayscale los ntawm kev tswj cov kev siv ntawm lub teeb hla dhau. Tsuas yog qee qhov ua haujlwm Matrix qhia txog kev siv lub cim ntsuas teeb liab, thiab feem ntau siv cov teeb liab kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis. Feem ntau cov ntawv tswj cov LCDs siv yim-ntsis tswj hwm, uas tuaj yeem tsim 256 theem ntawm gayscale. Txhua ntu-lub sijhawm tuaj yeem qhia txog 256 qib, yog li koj tuaj yeem tau txais 2563 xim, thiab txhua yam tuaj yeem qhia 16,777,216 xim. Vim hais tias tib neeg lub qhov muag tsis xav tias lub ci ntsa iab linearly, thiab tib neeg lub qhov muag yog qhov rhiab rau qis ci hloov pauv, qhov} me ntsis chromaticity tsis tuaj yeem ntsib txoj cai zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kws tsim khoom siv kev hloov cov kev cai xim kom ua rau cov xim hloov saib zoo dua qub.
Hauv cov xim LCD, txhua tus pixel tau muab faib ua peb chav nyob, lossis cov lim dej, thiab cov lim ntxiv yog cim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav ntsig txog. Peb lub npe ncua sijhawm tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws tus kheej, ua rau ntau txhiab lossis ntau lab ntawm cov xim rau cov pixel sib raug zoo. Cov laus CRTS siv tib txoj kev los ua cov xim. Nyob ntawm qhov kev xav tau, cov khoom siv xim yog npaj raws li cov pixel sib txawv.
Nquag thiab passive arrays
Cov khoom siv ua kua ua kua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau pom hauv cov ntawv saib hluav taws xob thiab cov khoos phis tawj hnab tshos uas muaj qee ntu, txhua tus nrog rau kev sib tiv tauj electrode. Ib qho kev ntsuas sab nraud muab them rau txhua chav tswj hwm, uas tuaj yeem yog cumbersome nrog ntau cov chav nyob (xws li ua kua siv lead ua kua rau). Passive array ua kua lead ua rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus me me, siv Super Twisted Nematic (DSTN) thev naus laus zis (DSTN) Cov teeb meem xim sib txawv ntawm STN).
Txhua kab lossis kab ntawv ntawm cov zaub muaj Circuit Court, thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua tus pixel tseem tau teev los ntawm kab thiab kem. Hom zaub no yog hu ua "passive array" vim tias txhua pixel kuj yuav tsum nco ntsoov nws lub xeev ua ntej kev hloov kho. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, txhua tus pixel tsis muaj nqi thauj khoom ruaj khov. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm pixels nce, tus txheeb ze ntawm cov kab thiab cov kab yuav nce ntxiv, thiab cov qauv tso tawm no ua rau kev siv ntau. LCD ua nrog passive arrays yog pom los ntawm kev teb qeeb qeeb thiab tsis sib thooj.
Tam sim no cov kev daws teeb meem kub tam sim no cov lus qhia tawm, xws li cov neeg saib xyuas lub computer lossis TV, yog cov lag luam hauv TV. Nyias-zaj duab xis hloov ua kua siv lead ua kua siv lead ua kua siv lead ua kua siv lead ua ntxiv rau polarizers thiab cov kua lim dej. Txhua tus pixel muaj nws tus transistor, tso cai rau ib leeg pixel tswj. Thaum ib kab kem yog muab rau, tag nrho cov kab kab sib txuas nrog tag nrho cov kab ntawm cov voltage, thiab txhua kab kab yog muab tua thiab lwm txoj kab yog qhib. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiav cov duab hloov tshiab, txhua kab kab yog muab rau hauv lub sijhawm ua ntu zus. Cov khoom siv ua ke ntawm cov me me uas yuav tshwm ntsej muag zoo ib yam thiab Sharper dua li passive array qhia tawm, thiab muaj sijhawm teb luv luv.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Qee lub LCD Panels muaj cov transistors uas ua rau muaj qhov ci thiab tsaus nti. Tsis zoo li ICS, LCD Panels tseem tuaj yeem tso tawm ib txwm txawm tias muaj cov pixels phem. Qhov no kuj tseem tuaj yeem zam kev muab pov tseg lcd panels uas muaj ntau dua qhov IC cheeb tsam vim yog ob peb qhov tsis zoo. Vaj huam sib luag tuam ntxhab muaj cov qauv sib txawv rau kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo pixels.
LCD Panels muaj feem ntau yuav muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntau dua li IC cov laug cam vim tias lawv loj dua. Piv txwv li, {{{{{0} nti svga lcd muaj 8} nti wafer muaj tsuas yog 3 yam tsis xws. Txawm li cas los xij, 3 yam tsis xws ntawm ib qho wafer uas tuaj yeem faib rau hauv 137 ICS tsis yog qhov tsis zoo, tab sis muab pov tseg lub vaj huam sib luag LCD txhais tau 0% tawm. Vim tias muaj kev sib tw hnyav ntawm cov tuam ntxhab, cov qauv tswj hwm tau raug tsa tau. Yog tias LCD muaj plaub lossis ntau dua cov pixels tsis zoo, nws yooj yim dua los xyuas, yog li cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem thov hloov. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov tsis zoo pixel hauv LCD vaj huam sib luag kuj tseem tsis tau negligible. Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam feem ntau qis dua cov qauv vim tias cov pixels puas yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov zaub. Qee cov tuam ntxhab muab cov xoom tsis zoo pixel lav.
Kev siv fais fab
Nquag Matrix LCDS siv lub zog tsawg dua CRTS. Qhov tseeb, lawv tau dhau los ua tus qauv qauv rau cov khoom siv Portable, los ntawm PDAS rau laptops. Tab sis LCD thev naus laus zis tseem yog qhov ua tau zoo heev: txawm hais tias koj tig lub vijtsam dawb, tsawg dua 10% ntawm lub teeb emitted los ntawm lub teeb tom keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub vijtsam dhau los ntawm lub vijtsam; Tus so yog nqus. Yog li cov ntshav tshiab tshiab tshiab tam sim no siv lub zog tsawg dua li cov LCDs ntawm tib qho chaw.
PDAS, xws li xib teg thiab compaqipaq, feem ntau siv cov lus qhia txawv. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub teeb pom kev zoo nkag mus rau cov zaub, hla dhau ntawm cov txheej polarized, thiab tom qab ntawd qhia rov qab los tso cov duab. Nws yog kwv yees tias 84% ntawm lub teeb yog nqus tau hauv cov txheej txheem no, yog li tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lub teeb yog siv rau kev txhim kho, yog qhov txaus los muab qhov sib piv rau pom video. Ib txoj kev xav tau thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam cov lus qhia ua kom nws tuaj yeem siv LCD cov lus qhia nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg heev nyob rau hauv kev teeb pom kev sib txawv.
Pes Tsawg-Hwj Chim Zaub
Hauv 2000, lub xoom-fais fab zaub tau tsim uas tsis siv hluav taws xob thaum nyob hauv hom standby, tab sis tam sim no muaj rau ntau lawm. Nemoptic, lub tuam txhab Fabkis, tsim lwm xoom-zog LCD thev naus laus zis, uas yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub Xya hli ntuj xws li e-phau ntawv thiab cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoos phis tawj. VOJ-NTAU LOG LCDS kuj tau sib tw nrog ntawv hluav taws xob.